Malnutrition is a term used to describe a condition where the body does not receive adequate nutrients to support its normal growth, development, and overall health. It refers to both undernutrition, which occurs when there is a deficiency of essential nutrients, and overnutrition, which arises from an excess of certain nutrients or improper eating habits.
Undernutrition refers to insufficient intake of essential macronutrients (such as proteins, carbohydrates, and fats) and micronutrients (like vitamins and minerals), leading to detrimental effects on physical and mental health. This condition often results from inadequate dietary intake, poor absorption of nutrients, or diseases that interfere with the body's ability to process and utilize nutrients.
On the other hand, overnutrition is characterized by excessive consumption of certain nutrients, particularly calories and fats, without balancing it with other essential nutrients. This often leads to obesity and associated health problems, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and certain types of cancer.
The consequences of malnutrition can be profound, affecting various bodily systems and functions. It can result in stunted growth and development in children, weakened immune systems, increased susceptibility to infections, delayed wound healing, impaired cognitive function, and reduced productivity in adults.
Addressing malnutrition involves implementing food and nutrition policies that promote balanced diets rich in essential nutrients. This involves ensuring access to diverse and nutritious food, promoting breastfeeding, fortifying staple foods with essential vitamins and minerals, and educating communities about healthy eating habits.
