Malignant lymphoma is a medical term used to describe a group of cancers that affect the lymphatic system, which plays a crucial role in the body's immune response. The lymphatic system consists of lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, and lymphoid organs such as the spleen and tonsils.
Malignant lymphomas are characterized by the abnormal growth and proliferation of a specific type of white blood cell called lymphocytes. These malignancies can be broadly classified into two main types: Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Hodgkin's lymphoma is marked by the presence of large, abnormal cells called Reed-Sternberg cells within the lymph nodes. It typically starts in a single lymph node and spreads in an orderly manner to adjacent lymph nodes. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, on the other hand, comprises a diverse group of lymphomas that originates from various types of lymphocytes and can spread to different parts of the body.
The exact cause of malignant lymphoma is still unknown, but factors such as genetic predisposition, weakened immune system, exposure to certain viruses (like Epstein-Barr virus), and exposure to certain chemicals or radiation have been associated with an increased risk.
Symptoms of malignant lymphoma include painless swollen lymph nodes, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, fever, night sweats, and itching. Diagnosis involves a combination of physical examination, blood tests, imaging tests, and ultimately a biopsy of the affected lymph node or tissue.
Treatment options for malignant lymphoma vary based on the specific type and stage of the disease but commonly include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and stem cell transplantation. Prognosis varies depending on various factors, but the advancement of medical treatments has improved survival rates for
