MAKHTESH GADOL Meaning and
Definition
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A "makhtesh gadol" is a geographical phenomenon primarily found in the Negev Desert of southern Israel. It is a Hebrew term, and its literal translation is "big crater." However, it is important to note that a makhtesh gadol is not an impact crater caused by a meteorite or asteroid impact, but rather the result of unique erosion processes over millions of years.
A makhtesh gadol is characterized by its distinct horseshoe or circular shape, with steep, tall walls and a flat or slightly sloping bottom. The formation is created by a combination of geological and climatic factors. Initially, the area experiences the uplifting of a dome-shaped anticline due to tectonic activity. This creates deep layers of resistant rock that bend upward. Subsequently, water erosion predominantly caused by seasonal flash floods gradually carves out the softer rock layers, excavating the interior of the structure.
These geological features are often several kilometers wide and can reach depths of hundreds of meters. Makhtesh gadols typically have dramatic landscapes with diverse rock formations, including layered sedimentary rocks, colorful sandstone, conglomerates, and volcanic remains, providing significant insights into the region's geological history.
Due to their unique structure and a wide variety of habitats, makhtesh gadols serve as natural laboratories for scientists studying geology, climatology, and various ecological systems. They are also important tourist destinations, drawing visitors who appreciate the breathtaking vistas, interesting geological formations, and the flora and fauna adapted to the harsh desert environment.
Etymology of MAKHTESH GADOL
The word "makhtesh gadol" is of Hebrew origin.
"Makhtesh" (מכתש) is a Hebrew word that means "mortar" or "grinder". It is derived from the Hebrew root כתש, which refers to the action of grinding or pulverizing. In geological terms, a "makhtesh" refers to a unique landform found mainly in Israel's Negev Desert, characterized by steep walls surrounding a crater-like bowl-shaped valley.
"Gadol" (גדול) is another Hebrew word that translates to "big" or "great". It is derived from the Hebrew root גדל, which means "to grow" or "to become great".
So, when combined, "makhtesh gadol" literally translates to "big mortar" or "great grinder" in English, indicating the large-scale geological formation of a makhtesh.
