A major depressive episode is a characteristic feature of major depressive disorder, a psychiatric condition characterized by persistent feelings of intense sadness, hopelessness, and a loss of interest or pleasure in activities once enjoyed. It is a distinct period of at least two weeks during which an individual experiences a pervasive depressed mood, along with several other symptoms that significantly impair their ability to function in daily life.
During a major depressive episode, an individual may display a variety of emotional, cognitive, behavioral, and physical symptoms. These can include overwhelming feelings of sadness, guilt, or worthlessness, persistent pessimistic thoughts, difficulty concentrating or making decisions, changes in appetite resulting in weight loss or gain, changes in sleep patterns, low energy levels, loss of interest in activities, agitation or restlessness, and recurrent thoughts of death or suicide.
The symptoms of a major depressive episode are severe enough to cause significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, educational, or other important areas of functioning. It is important to note that a single episode of major depression is not sufficient to diagnose major depressive disorder. To be diagnosed with the disorder, an individual must have experienced at least one major depressive episode and display a pattern of symptoms that is not better explained by other psychiatric conditions or a physical illness.
Treatment for major depressive episodes typically involves a combination of psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, and medication, such as antidepressant drugs.
