Major depressive disorder (MDD), also commonly known as clinical depression, is a mental health condition characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of interest or pleasure in daily activities. It is one of the most common mental disorders and can significantly affect a person's daily functioning and quality of life.
Individuals suffering from major depressive disorder experience a range of symptoms that extend beyond occasional feelings of sadness. These symptoms may include overwhelming fatigue, changes in appetite and sleep patterns, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, difficulty concentrating, and even recurrent thoughts of death or suicide. Symptoms must persist for at least two weeks to constitute a clinical diagnosis.
Major depressive disorder can be caused by a variety of factors, including biological, genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. It is considered a multifaceted condition with complex origins and is often diagnosed through a comprehensive evaluation conducted by mental health professionals.
Treatment for major depressive disorder typically involves a combination of psychotherapy, medication, and lifestyle changes. Psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), helps individuals identify and modify negative thought patterns and behaviors. Medications, including antidepressants, may also be prescribed to alleviate symptoms and restore chemical imbalances in the brain. Additionally, adopting a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise, adequate sleep, and a balanced diet, can also be beneficial in managing major depressive disorder.
