MACROMOLECULES Meaning and
Definition
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Macromolecules are large, complex molecules composed of smaller subunits known as monomers. These subunits are chemically bonded together through various types of chemical bonds to form the macromolecule. Macromolecules are crucial for the structure and function of living organisms.
There are four main types of macromolecules found in biological systems: proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids. Proteins are composed of amino acid subunits linked together by peptide bonds and are involved in various cellular functions such as enzymes, structural components, and signaling molecules. Nucleic acids, including DNA and RNA, are composed of nucleotide units linked together by phosphodiester bonds and are responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information. Carbohydrates are made up of sugar units joined by glycosidic bonds and serve as an energy source and structural component. Lastly, lipids are hydrophobic molecules that play multiple roles in the cell, including energy storage, membrane structure, and signaling.
Macromolecules are typically much larger than small molecules and are characterized by their high molecular weight, complex three-dimensional structures, and specific functions. They are built through a process called polymerization, where monomers are repetitively bonded together to form a long chain-like structure. Macromolecules are essential for life as they provide the basis for cellular structure, energy storage and utilization, and carry out vital biological functions.
Common Misspellings for MACROMOLECULES
Etymology of MACROMOLECULES
The word "macromolecules" originated from the combination of two Greek roots: "macro" meaning large and "molecules" referring to the smallest unit of a chemical compound. The Greek root "macro" comes from the Greek word "makros" meaning long or large. "Molecules" is derived from the Greek word "molekules", which means small mass or particle. The term "macromolecule" was coined to describe large molecules formed by the combination of smaller subunits or monomers, creating polymers.
Similar spelling words for MACROMOLECULES
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