MACROMOLECULE Meaning and
Definition
-
A macromolecule is a large, complex molecule composed of smaller subunits called monomers that are covalently bonded together through a process known as polymerization. Macromolecules can be found in all living organisms and are the building blocks of life.
There are four major classes of macromolecules: nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. Nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, are responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information. Proteins have a wide range of functions, including catalyzing chemical reactions, transporting molecules, and providing structural support. Carbohydrates serve as a source of energy and provide structural support in cells. Lipids, such as fats and oils, play crucial roles in energy storage, insulation, and cell membrane formation.
The unique properties of macromolecules arise from their intricate three-dimensional structures, which are determined by the sequence and arrangement of their monomers. These structures are essential for their specific functions and interactions within an organism.
Macromolecules are formed through polymerization reactions, in which monomers are joined together to create a long chain-like structure. This process requires the removal of a water molecule for each bond formed, a reaction known as dehydration synthesis. Conversely, macromolecules can be broken down into their individual monomers through a process called hydrolysis, which involves the addition of water to the polymer.
Overall, macromolecules are vital components of biological systems, providing the basis for the structure, function, and regulation of life.
Common Misspellings for MACROMOLECULE
Etymology of MACROMOLECULE
The word "macromolecule" is derived from the Greek words "makros", meaning large, and "molekula", meaning molecule. In 1922, the German chemist Hermann Staudinger coined the term to describe large molecules consisting of repeating smaller units. This term was significant in distinguishing large molecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and polymers, from smaller organic molecules. Staudinger's work on macromolecules laid the foundation for the field of polymer chemistry.
Similar spelling words for MACROMOLECULE
Infographic
Add the infographic to your website:
