Low blood sugar, also known as hypoglycemia, refers to a condition characterized by an abnormally lower level of glucose (sugar) in the blood. Blood sugar, or blood glucose, is the primary source of energy for the body's cells and is primarily derived from food, especially carbohydrates.
Low blood sugar typically occurs when the body's blood glucose level drops below normal levels, which is usually defined as a blood glucose concentration below 70 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL). This can manifest as a transient state or an ongoing medical condition. While individuals with diabetes are at a higher risk of experiencing low blood sugar, it can also occur in people without the condition.
Symptoms of low blood sugar can vary depending on severity but commonly include weakness, dizziness, confusion, trembling, sweating, headache, irritability, and in more severe cases, loss of consciousness or seizures. These symptoms occur as the brain and other organs are deprived of their main energy source, glucose.
Low blood sugar can be caused by various factors, such as skipping meals, consuming insufficient or delayed food intake, overexertion or excessive physical activity, alcohol consumption, certain medications, hormone deficiencies, or underlying health conditions.
Treatment for low blood sugar generally involves prompt intake of simple sugars or carbohydrates to increase blood glucose levels. This can be achieved by consuming glucose tablets, fruit juice, soda, or sugar-containing foods. In some cases, medical intervention may be necessary, including the administration of glucagon or intravenous glucose. Preventive measures may involve adjusting medications, maintaining regular meal schedules, and closely monitoring blood glucose levels.
