The spelling of the word "long tom" is quite straightforward when its phonetic transcription is considered. The first syllable "long" is written as "lɔŋ", where the letter "o" is pronounced as "ɔ". The second syllable "tom" is written as "tɒm", where the letter "o" is pronounced as "ɒ". Therefore, the correct spelling of "long tom" can be understood as "lɔŋ tɒm" when using the International Phonetic Alphabet. This technique can be helpful for those learning English as a second language or for native speakers who are learning new vocabulary.
The term "long tom" can refer to two distinct definitions, one related to weaponry and the other connected to mining.
In the context of weaponry, a long tom is a type of heavy artillery piece, typically a cannon, that was utilized during the 19th century. It was characterized by its long barrel, often exceeding 10 feet in length. The purpose of the long tom was to project large projectiles over considerable distances with precision. This weapon was often found on warships and used by infantry in land battles due to its range advantage over other artillery at the time.
In the realm of mining, a long tom is a device used for extracting gold or minerals from riverbeds or alluvial deposits. This tool consists of a long trough or sluice box, usually made of wood, which is inclined or slightly sloped. The long tom is positioned in a running water source, such as a river or stream, and allows the water to flow over it, carrying sediment, rocks, and heavy particles downstream. Miners would shovel material, such as gravel or sand, into the upper end of the long tom and use agitation techniques, like rocking or shaking, to separate valuable minerals from the unwanted debris.
Both definitions of the term "long tom" highlight its historical significance in warfare and mining, showcasing the diverse applications and importance of this term in different contexts.
A sort of cradle used for washing out gold by miners at the gold-fields.
Etymological and pronouncing dictionary of the English language. By Stormonth, James, Phelp, P. H. Published 1874.
The term "long tom" has its origins in naval and military contexts. Its etymology can be traced back to the 18th century, when it was used to refer to a particular type of cannon or artillery piece.
The word "long" simply describes the length of the cannon, indicating that it was longer than the standard artillery pieces of the time. This longer length provided several advantages, including greater accuracy and being able to fire over longer distances.
The term "tom" is thought to have been derived from the nickname "Thomas" or "Tommy". This nickname was often given to generic names or objects, and in this case, it was used to refer to the cannon itself.
Over time, "long tom" became a generalized term to describe any long-barreled cannon, regardless of its specific type or design. It has since been used in various military and non-military contexts, though its original association with artillery remains.