The spelling of the word "long scale" is phrased as /lɔŋ skeɪl/ in phonetic transcription. The first part of the word "long" is pronounced as "lɔŋ" with an open back unrounded vowel followed by a velar nasal consonant. The second part of the word "scale" is pronounced as "skeɪl" with an open-mid front unrounded vowel followed by a voiceless alveolar fricative and an unvoiced alveolar lateral approximant. Understanding the IPA phonetic transcription helps to accurately pronounce words and communicate effectively.
Long scale refers to a numerical system used to quantify large numbers, particularly in reference to financial or monetary units. It is also known as the "British system" or "continental system." In this scale, each new term is one million times greater than the previous one. The naming convention of numbers in the long scale follows the pattern of "xillion," where "x" denotes a Greek numeral. For instance, the number "1,000,000" is called "one million," while "1,000,000,000" is termed "one thousand million" or "one milliard." Similarly, "1,000,000,000,000" is referred to as "one billion," and "1,000,000,000,000,000" is called "one billiard," and so forth.
The long scale is primarily used in various European countries including but not limited to the United Kingdom, France, and Germany. It is important to note that the long scale system of numbering contrasts with the "short scale," which is predominantly used in the United States, Canada, and other English-speaking countries. In the short scale, every new term is one thousand times greater than the previous one.
Understanding the long scale is crucial for accurate financial reporting, international money transfer, and when dealing with large monetary values in countries that employ this numerical system. Familiarity with the long scale ensures clarity and precision in conveying numerical information, particularly in economic and financial contexts.
The term "long scale" has its etymology rooted in the system of large number names used by the countries of continental Europe. In the long scale system, each new term represents a thousand times the previous one, while in the short scale system (used mainly in English-speaking countries), each term represents a million times the previous one.
The usage of the "long scale" dates back to the 15th century when it was introduced by French mathematician Nicolas Chuquet. It gained popularity and was widely used throughout Europe until the 17th century when most countries switched to the "short scale" system. However, some countries, including France and most of the Portuguese-speaking world, continued to use the long scale terminology.
The term itself, "long scale", refers to the extended progression of number names in this system.