Liver cell adenoma, also known as hepatocellular adenoma, is a benign tumor that develops in the liver. It originates from hepatic cells, which are the primary functional cells of the liver responsible for many vital functions including metabolism, detoxification, and production of important proteins. Liver cell adenomas typically arise in individuals with no known underlying liver disease or cirrhosis.
These adenomas can vary in size and may appear as a single tumor or multiple nodules within the liver. They are usually well-defined and encapsulated. Liver cell adenoma is more commonly found in women, particularly those who use oral contraceptives or have undergone hormone replacement therapy.
The exact cause of liver cell adenoma is not fully understood, but it is believed to be associated with hormonal factors, as estrogen and androgen receptors are often present in these tumors. Other risk factors include obesity and certain genetic conditions.
Most liver cell adenomas are asymptomatic, meaning they do not cause noticeable symptoms. However, they may rupture or bleed, leading to abdominal pain, which can be severe. In rare cases, a ruptured adenoma may cause life-threatening internal bleeding.
Treatment for liver cell adenoma depends on various factors including the size and symptoms. In some cases, particularly if the tumor is small and not causing symptoms, observation and regular monitoring may be recommended. Surgical removal is considered in cases of large tumors, presence of symptoms, or suspicion of malignancy. Hormonal medications may also be used as a conservative approach in reducing the size of adenomas in certain situations. Continued long-term follow-up is typically necessary due to the possibility of recurrence or malignant transformation.
