Lithograph is spelled with a "th" sound, although it might seem like it should be spelled with a "t" due to its Greek roots. The IPA phonetic transcription for lithograph is /ˈlɪθəɡræf/. The second syllable features the "th" sound, which is a voiceless dental fricative in English. This sound is made by placing the tongue between the teeth and pushing air out so that it creates a hissing sound. Despite its potentially tricky spelling, lithograph remains a widely-used term in the art world.
A lithograph is a printmaking technique that involves creating an image or design on a flat stone or metal plate, typically using a greasy substance. This process was invented in the late 18th century and gained popularity as a means of reproducing artwork. The term "lithograph" is derived from the Greek words "lithos" meaning "stone" and "graphein" meaning "to write."
To create a lithograph, the artist first applies a greasy or oily substance, like ink or crayon, onto the surface of the lithographic stone or plate. This substance adheres to the areas where the image or design will be printed. Next, the stone or plate is dampened with water, which is repelled by the greasy areas but absorbed by the non-greasy areas.
Once the stone or plate is properly prepared, a sheet of paper is placed on top and the entire assembly is passed through a press. The pressure from the press transfers the greasy image or design onto the paper, resulting in a high-quality print. The lithographic process allows for a wide range of artistic effects, such as fine lines, rich tonal variations, and the replication of complex artworks.
Lithographs have been used to reproduce famous paintings, drawings, and photographs, making them more accessible to a wider audience. Additionally, artists have embraced lithography as a medium in its own right, using its unique qualities to create original works of art that showcase the versatility and beauty of this technique.
• A print from lettering, or from a drawing, which has been impressed on a prepared stone of a particular description.
• To place or impress letters or drawings on stone and then transfer them to paper by printing with a press.
Etymological and pronouncing dictionary of the English language. By Stormonth, James, Phelp, P. H. Published 1874.
The word "lithograph" has Greek origins. It comes from the Greek words "lithos", meaning "stone", and "graphein", meaning "to write" or "to draw". Therefore, the literal meaning of "lithograph" is "stone drawing" or "stone writing". This reflects the process of lithography, which involves drawing or writing on a smooth stone surface.