The term "lingua nigra" refers to a condition where the tongue becomes discolored, often appearing black or brown. Its spelling reflects its Latin roots, with "lingua" meaning tongue and "nigra" meaning black. In IPA phonetic transcription, the word would be pronounced /ˈlɪŋɡwə ˈnaɪɡrə/, with the emphasis on the first syllable. While this condition is harmless and usually resolves on its own, it can be a cause for concern due to its appearance.
Lingua nigra, also known as black hairy tongue, is a benign and relatively rare oral condition characterized by the dark discoloration and elongation of the papillae on the surface of the tongue. The name "lingua nigra" is derived from the Latin term, where "lingua" means tongue and "nigra" refers to black.
In individuals with this condition, the papillae on the dorsal surface of the tongue become excessively long and appear brown or black, giving the tongue a hairy or furry appearance. Although it may cause concern due to its appearance, lingua nigra is typically a harmless condition. It is often painless and not associated with any symptoms, such as discomfort or difficulty in eating or speaking.
The exact cause of lingua nigra is not fully understood, but several factors are believed to contribute to its development. These factors include poor oral hygiene, smoking, excessive coffee or tea consumption, certain medications, as well as predisposing factors like dry mouth, certain underlying medical conditions, or genetic susceptibility.
Treatment of lingua nigra typically involves improving oral hygiene practices, such as regular brushing or use of tongue scrapers to remove the accumulated bacteria and debris on the surface of the tongue. In most cases, the condition resolves spontaneously or with improved oral care. However, if the discoloration persists or causes significant discomfort, further evaluation by a healthcare professional or dentist may be necessary to rule out any underlying conditions and explore additional treatment options.
Black tongue.
A practical medical dictionary. By Stedman, Thomas Lathrop. Published 1920.
The term "lingua nigra" comes from Latin. "Lingua" means "tongue", and "nigra" means "black" or "dark". Therefore, the literal translation of "lingua nigra" is "black tongue" or "dark tongue". This term is used to refer to a harmless condition characterized by a dark discoloration of the tongue.