Leukostasis is a medical term used to describe a condition characterized by the excessive accumulation of white blood cells (leukocytes) within the blood vessels, resulting in impaired blood flow. This condition primarily occurs in individuals with certain types of leukemia, particularly acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).
The build-up of leukocytes within the blood vessels leads to the formation of blockages, restricting blood flow and oxygenation to vital organs and tissues. Leukostasis commonly affects organs such as the lungs, brain, and kidneys, leading to potentially severe complications if left untreated.
Symptoms of leukostasis may include shortness of breath, confusion, chest pain, severe headaches, altered mental status, and renal dysfunction. Medical professionals can diagnose leukostasis by conducting a physical examination, assessing a patient's medical history and symptoms, and performing various diagnostic tests such as blood tests and imaging scans.
Treatment of leukostasis typically involves the urgent initiation of chemotherapy to reduce the excessive number of white blood cells in circulation and alleviate the blockages within blood vessels. Other supportive measures, such as oxygen therapy, intravenous fluids, and medications to stabilize blood pressure, may also be utilized to manage associated complications.
Prompt recognition and management of leukostasis are crucial as this condition carries a high risk of life-threatening complications, including respiratory failure, stroke, and organ damage.
