Leucopenia is a medical condition characterized by a decrease in the number of white blood cells (leukocytes) in the blood. A normal white blood cell count ranges from 4,500 to 11,000 cells per microliter, and leucopenia occurs when the count falls below 4,500.
White blood cells play a critical role in the body's immune system, defending against infections and diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens. They are produced in the bone marrow and circulate in the blood, ready to combat any foreign invaders. Leucopenia can weaken the immune system and leave the body vulnerable to infections.
There are several factors that can cause leucopenia, including viral or bacterial infections, certain medications (such as chemotherapy drugs), autoimmune diseases, bone marrow disorders, and exposure to radiation. Symptoms of leucopenia may vary depending on the underlying cause, but common indications may include recurrent and persistent infections, fatigue, weakness, fever, and mouth ulcers.
To diagnose leucopenia, a complete blood count (CBC) test is performed to measure the number of white blood cells. Treatment options for leucopenia involve addressing the underlying cause, such as treating infections or adjusting medications. In severe cases, medications known as colony-stimulating factors may be administered to boost the production of white blood cells.
Regular monitoring of white blood cell counts is crucial for individuals with leucopenia to ensure any changes can be addressed promptly. Proper hygiene practices, avoiding exposure to infectious individuals, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle are essential for managing leucopenia and preventing complications from infections.
