Lesser celandine, scientifically known as Ranunculus ficaria, is a herbaceous perennial plant belonging to the family Ranunculaceae. It is characterized by its heart-shaped, glossy leaves and vibrant yellow flowers. Native to Europe and Western Asia, lesser celandine has also been introduced to North America, where it is considered an invasive species.
The leaves of lesser celandine emerge in early spring, forming dense mats on the forest floor or shaded areas. These leaves are usually dark green and shiny, measuring around 1 to 3 inches across. The plant produces bright yellow, star-shaped flowers that bloom from late winter to early spring, covering the ground with a colorful carpet. Each flower has about eight to twelve petals and a cluster of small, yellow, button-like structures in the center.
Despite its charming appearance, lesser celandine is considered a noxious weed because of its ability to spread rapidly and outcompete native plants. Its aggressive growth and ability to reproduce both sexually and through bulbils make it difficult to control once established. The plant prefers moist, shady environments such as woodland areas, ditches, and stream banks.
In addition to its invasive nature, lesser celandine contains toxic compounds like protoanemonin, which can cause skin irritation and blistering upon contact. Consequently, it is crucial to handle the plant with caution and avoid direct contact.
In summary, lesser celandine is a perennial herbaceous plant with heart-shaped leaves and bright yellow flowers. While visually pleasing, it is considered an invasive species in various regions, outcompeting native plants due to its rapid growth.
