The Lesser Butterfly Orchid (Platanthera bifolia) is a terrestrial flowering plant belonging to the family Orchidaceae. It is endemic to Europe and is widely distributed across the continent, often found in damp meadows, marshes, and calcareous grasslands.
The Lesser Butterfly Orchid is a perennial herb that grows from fleshy tubers. It typically reaches a height of 20-60 centimeters, with a slender stem that bears a single terminal inflorescence. The inflorescence consists of multiple small, fragrant white flowers arranged in a spiraling pattern. These flowers have a characteristic butterfly-like shape, resembling their common name. The petals and sepals are relatively narrow, elongated, and curve backward, while the lip of the flower forms a broad, rounded lip with fringed edges. The flowering period usually occurs from May to June.
This orchid species relies on specific conditions for its survival, requiring moist or even wet habitats with nutrient-rich soil and partial shade. It often forms symbiotic relationships with mycorrhizal fungi to aid in nutrient absorption due to the poor nutritional content of its surroundings.
The Lesser Butterfly Orchid plays an essential role in its ecosystem by attracting pollinators such as moths, butterflies, and bees, which aid in its reproductive process. Its presence also contributes to biodiversity and ecological balance in its natural environment.
Due to habitat destruction and changes in land management practices, the Lesser Butterfly Orchid faces threats and has become a protected species in some regions. Conservation efforts aim to preserve its remaining populations and restore suitable habitats to ensure its long-term survival.
