Leishmania braziliensis peruviana is a subspecies of the parasite Leishmania braziliensis, which is responsible for causing a particular form of cutaneous leishmaniasis known as Peruvian mucosal leishmaniasis. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease caused by the infection of Leishmania parasites, which are transmitted to humans through the bite of infected sandflies.
Leishmania braziliensis peruviana is found mainly in South America, particularly in Peru, where it is endemic. This subspecies is characterized by its ability to invade the mucosal tissues, causing destructive and disfiguring lesions primarily in the oral, nasal, and pharyngeal areas. The infection often starts with a skin ulceration at the site of the sandfly bite and gradually progresses to the mucosal tissues after a period of months or even years.
The clinical manifestations of Leishmania braziliensis peruviana infection can vary, with some individuals remaining asymptomatic, while others develop severe and potentially life-threatening symptoms. The progression to mucosal involvement is associated with an intense immune response, leading to progressive tissue destruction. The resulting symptoms may include nasal congestion, nosebleeds, difficulty swallowing, voice changes, and facial deformities.
Diagnosis of Leishmania braziliensis peruviana infection typically involves the detection of the parasite through microscopic examination of tissue samples or cultures. Treatment options commonly involve the use of antiparasitic drugs, such as pentavalent antimonials or amphotericin B, which aim to eradicate the infection and prevent further tissue damage.
Prevention and control strategies for Leishmania braziliensis peruviana primarily focus on reducing exposure to sandfly bites, such as through the use of insecticide
