Leishmania brasiliensis peruviana is a subspecies of the parasitic protozoan organism Leishmania brasiliensis, belonging to the family Trypanosomatidae. It is one of the causative agents responsible for a severe form of cutaneous leishmaniasis called Espundia or Peruvian Leishmaniasis.
Leishmania brasiliensis peruviana is mainly found in the tropical regions of South America, particularly in Peru. It is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected female sandflies from the Lutzomyia genus. Once inside the human host, the protozoan parasites infect and reside within macrophages, which are immune cells that play a crucial role in defense against pathogens.
Clinical manifestations of Leishmania brasiliensis peruviana infection include skin ulcers, commonly starting as bumps or nodules that eventually develop into open sores. These ulcers typically occur on exposed body parts, such as the face, arms, or legs. The disease may also cause systemic symptoms such as fever, fatigue, weight loss, and enlargement of the liver and spleen.
The diagnosis of Leishmania brasiliensis peruviana is established through laboratory tests, including the microscopic examination of skin tissue samples or fluid aspirates from the ulcers to identify the presence of the characteristic amastigote form of the parasite. Treatment usually involves the administration of antiparasitic drugs, such as pentavalent antimonials or amphotericin B.
Prevention and control measures for Leishmania brasiliensis peruviana infection involve reducing contact between humans and sandflies, using insect repellents, wearing protective clothing, and avoiding potential sandfly breeding sites.
