Le antigens refer to a group of antigens that are known to be present on red blood cells (RBCs) of humans, particularly those with the blood type A or AB. These antigens are also recognized as A, the presence of which determines the ABO blood group system. The Le antigens are complex carbohydrate structures, consisting of various sugar residues such as fucose, N-acetylgalactosamine, and galactose.
The presence or absence of Le antigens on the surface of RBCs plays a vital role in determining blood compatibility and transfusion compatibility between individuals. Individuals with blood type A possess Le antigens on their red blood cells, while those with blood type B do not. People with blood type O lack both A and B antigens, including Le antigens. On the other hand, individuals with blood type AB have both A and B antigens, including the Le antigens.
The Le antigens are also involved in various biological functions and have been associated with certain diseases and conditions. They are believed to play a role in cell adhesion, inflammation, and immune response modulation. Additionally, Le antigens have been implicated in certain types of cancers, such as gastric and colorectal cancer, as well as infectious diseases.
In summary, Le antigens are specific carbohydrate structures present on the surface of red blood cells, mainly in individuals with blood types A or AB. Their presence or absence determines an individual's blood type and can have significant implications for blood transfusion compatibility. They also play various roles in biological processes and have been linked to certain diseases.
