Laser-induced fusion, also known as laser-driven fusion, refers to a process in which fusion reactions are initiated and sustained by the intense energy of laser beams. Fusion is a nuclear reaction that occurs when two atomic nuclei collide and combine to form a heavier nucleus, releasing a tremendous amount of energy in the process. This reaction is the same process that powers the sun and other stars in the universe.
In laser-induced fusion, powerful lasers are used to compress and heat a small pellet containing fusion fuel, typically isotopes of hydrogen such as deuterium and tritium. The lasers deliver an intense burst of energy onto the pellet, causing it to rapidly compress and reach extraordinarily high temperatures, where fusion reactions can occur.
The energy from the laser beams is converted into X-rays, which then generate an implosion of the pellet, compressing the fuel and causing its atoms to come into close proximity. At such high temperatures and pressures, the fuel atoms overcome their mutual repulsion and collide, enabling the formation of a fused nucleus. This fusion process releases an enormous amount of energy, primarily in the form of high-speed neutrons, which can be harnessed for various applications, including power generation.
Laser-induced fusion holds great promise for providing a clean and nearly limitless source of energy. However, it remains a complex and challenging field of research, with many technological hurdles to overcome before practical fusion power can be achieved.
