Kleine-Levin Syndrome (KLS) is a rare neurological disorder characterized by periods of excessive sleepiness, known as hypersomnolence, which can last for days, weeks, or even months. Also referred to as "sleeping beauty syndrome," it primarily affects adolescents and typically manifests during the teenage years.
During episodes of KLS, individuals experience an overwhelming need to sleep, regardless of how much rest they have previously had. Alongside excessive sleep, other symptoms may include an altered perception of the world, confusion, irritability, hallucinations, hyperphagia (increased food intake), and cognitive impairment. Additionally, individuals may display apathy, exhibiting reduced interest in activities and social interaction during symptomatic periods.
The cause of Kleine-Levin Syndrome remains unknown, although some cases have been linked to genetic factors. Diagnosis is often challenging due to its rarity and the absence of specific diagnostic tests. Medical professionals typically rely on observing the patient's symptoms and the pattern of recurrent episodes to establish a diagnosis.
While there is currently no cure for KLS, treatment aims to manage symptoms and reduce the frequency and duration of episodes. Stimulant medications, such as modafinil, may be prescribed to help individuals stay awake during symptomatic periods. Additionally, lithium and antiepileptic medications, such as carbamazepine, have been utilized in some cases to control symptoms.
Kleine-Levin Syndrome is a complex and debilitating disorder that significantly impacts the lives of those affected. Proper diagnosis, support, and management are crucial for individuals with KLS to lead a fulfilling life and mitigate the impact of their symptoms.
