The spelling of the word "Kampuchea" is based on its pronunciation in the Khmer language. Phonetically, it is transcribed as /kæmˈpuːtʃiə/, with stress on the second syllable. The "ch" in "Kampuchea" represents the sound /tʃ/, which is a voiceless palatal affricate. This sound is similar to the "ch" in the English word "cheese". The spelling "Kampuchea" is commonly used in Cambodia and recognized internationally as the official name of the country.
Kampuchea, also known as Democratic Kampuchea, refers to the historical name of Cambodia, a Southeast Asian nation located on the Indochinese Peninsula. The term is an alternative and less commonly used name for Cambodia, particularly during the period from 1975 to 1979 when the country was under the control of the Khmer Rouge regime led by Pol Pot.
During this time, Kampuchea was an authoritarian communist state that sought to establish an agrarian, self-sufficient society. The Khmer Rouge implemented radical policies, including forced labor, mass executions, and the evacuation of urban areas, resulting in the deaths of an estimated 1.7 to 2.5 million people due to systematic genocide, warfare, and starvation.
The term "Kampuchea" can also refer to an official political ideology that was promoted during this period, presenting a vision of a classless, egalitarian society relying on agricultural labor. The Khmer Rouge's attempts to reshape society through radical policies caused immense suffering for the Cambodian people and left deep scars that continue to affect the nation to this day.
After the fall of the Khmer Rouge regime in 1979, the name of the country officially reverted to Cambodia, although "Kampuchea" still finds occasional use in certain contexts.
The word "Kampuchea" is the transliteration of the Khmer (Cambodian) word កម្ពុជា (Kampuchea), which is the official name of Cambodia. The etymology of the word can be traced back to the Sanskrit language, which has greatly influenced the Khmer language.
In Sanskrit, the word is कंबोजदेश (Kambujadesha), where "Kambuja" denotes the ancient Indian kingdom that covered present-day Cambodia and parts of Vietnam, Laos, and Thailand. The suffix "desh" means "land" or "country". Over time, this term evolved and was adapted into the Khmer language, resulting in the word "Kampuchea".
The change from "b" to "p" occurs due to the phonological differences between Sanskrit and Khmer.