Jaundice of the newborn, also known as neonatal jaundice or physiological jaundice, is a common medical condition that occurs in newborn babies during the first week of life. It is characterized by a yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes, caused by excess bilirubin in the bloodstream.
Bilirubin is a yellow pigment that is produced when red blood cells are broken down. In newborns, the liver is not yet fully developed, which makes it difficult for the body to eliminate bilirubin efficiently. As a result, bilirubin builds up in the bloodstream, leading to the characteristic yellow discoloration of the skin.
Jaundice of the newborn is typically harmless and resolves on its own within a couple of weeks. However, in some cases, the bilirubin levels may become too high and cause complications. If left untreated, high levels of bilirubin can lead to a condition called kernicterus, which can cause brain damage.
Treatment for jaundice of the newborn may involve phototherapy, where the baby is placed under special lights that help break down the bilirubin. In severe cases, the baby may need a blood transfusion to lower the bilirubin levels.
It is important for parents to monitor their newborn for signs of jaundice and consult a healthcare professional if they notice yellowing of the skin or eyes. Early detection and appropriate treatment can help prevent complications and ensure the baby's well-being.
