Japanese B Encephalitis is a viral disease caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a member of the Flaviviridae family. It is primarily transmitted through the bite of infected mosquitoes, particularly those belonging to the Culex species. This zoonotic disease predominantly affects humans, but it can also infect animals, particularly pigs and birds, which serve as reservoir hosts.
The infection typically occurs in rural and agricultural areas of Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific regions. The virus primarily targets the central nervous system, leading to inflammation of the brain and potentially severe neurological complications. Symptoms can vary from mild flu-like symptoms to severe encephalitis, characterized by high fever, headache, disorientation, neck stiffness, seizures, tremors, and paralysis.
Japanese B Encephalitis is a potentially life-threatening condition, as it can cause long-term neurological consequences or death, especially in children and older adults. Vaccination is considered the most effective preventive measure against this disease. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends routine immunization for individuals residing in or traveling to areas where the virus is endemic.
Prevention and control strategies also include reducing mosquito breeding sites, using insect repellents, wearing protective clothing, and mosquito nets. Treatment primarily focuses on symptom management and supportive care, as there is no specific antiviral therapy available.
Due to its significant health and socioeconomic impact, surveillance and timely reporting of Japanese B Encephalitis cases are vital for early detection and prompt implementation of control measures.
