ISOCHROMOSOMES Meaning and
Definition
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Isochromosomes are structural abnormalities in which one arm of a chromosome is duplicated, resulting in two identical, parallel arms. In this abnormality, the centromere splits horizontally rather than vertically, leading to two identical chromosome arms of equal length. Therefore, isochromosomes have two copies of the same chromosome region, resulting in a duplicated or deleted genetic material.
Isochromosomes can occur in any chromosome, although they are most commonly observed in sex chromosomes, such as X and Y chromosomes. They may arise due to errors during cell division, particularly during the process of chromosome replication or separation. Isochromosomes can be identified through various cytogenetic techniques, including karyotyping, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and chromosome banding methods.
The presence of isochromosomes can disrupt the normal functioning of genes located on the affected chromosome arm. Consequently, they may lead to various genetic disorders and developmental abnormalities, depending on which genes are affected. Some known conditions associated with isochromosomes include Turner syndrome (45, X/isoXq) and Pallister-Killian syndrome (tetrasomy 12p mosaicism), among others.
Understanding the mechanisms and implications of isochromosome formation is important for diagnosing genetic disorders, predicting associated health outcomes, and providing appropriate genetic counseling to affected individuals and their families. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying causes and clinical significance of isochromosomes in order to develop effective management and treatment strategies for affected individuals.
Common Misspellings for ISOCHROMOSOMES
- usochromosomes
- jsochromosomes
- ksochromosomes
- osochromosomes
- 9sochromosomes
- 8sochromosomes
- iaochromosomes
- izochromosomes
- ixochromosomes
- idochromosomes
- ieochromosomes
- iwochromosomes
- isichromosomes
- iskchromosomes
- islchromosomes
- ispchromosomes
- is0chromosomes
- is9chromosomes
- isoxhromosomes
- isovhromosomes
Etymology of ISOCHROMOSOMES
The term "isochromosomes" is derived from two components: "iso-" and "chromosomes".
1. "Iso-" is a prefix that originates from the Greek word "ísos", which means "equal" or "same". It is often used as a prefix in scientific and medical terminology to denote similarity, equality, or sameness.
2. "Chromosomes" refers to the structures that carry genetic material in living organisms. They are thread-like structures found in the nucleus of cells and are composed of DNA and proteins.
Therefore, the term "isochromosomes" combines these two components to describe chromosomes that have portions which are identical or similar to each other.
