IRB, acronym for Institutional Review Board, refers to an administrative body that oversees and evaluates research activities conducted by institutions, primarily in the field of human subjects research. It functions as an ethical review board, ensuring the protection and welfare of human participants involved in research studies.
The primary responsibility of an IRB is to review and provide approval for proposed research protocols before they can be initiated. It is tasked with assessing the ethical implications, potential risks, benefits, and the overall rationale of the study, ensuring that the rights and safety of participants are preserved. The IRB evaluates the informed consent process, confidentiality measures, data management, and ensures that appropriate safeguards are implemented for vulnerable populations, such as children, prisoners, or mentally impaired individuals.
In addition to initial review, IRBs also conduct continuing review of ongoing research to ensure that ethical standards are maintained throughout the study's duration. They have the authority to request modifications to the research procedures or even suspend or terminate a study if necessary.
IRBs are typically composed of professionals from diverse fields, such as medicine, psychology, law, and ethics, along with members of the community. They are governed by federal regulations, such as the Common Rule in the United States, and must adhere to ethical standards set forth by organizations like the World Medical Association. The purpose of IRBs is to uphold the integrity, trust, and ethical conduct of research involving human subjects, thus safeguarding their rights, welfare, and dignity.
