IOP stands for Intraocular Pressure. it is a term used in the field of ophthalmology to describe the pressure exerted by the fluid inside the eye, called aqueous humor, against the walls of the eyeball. Intraocular pressure plays a crucial role in maintaining the shape and integrity of the eye.
Under normal conditions, the IOP stays within a specific range, as a delicate balance exists between the production and drainage of the aqueous humor. Any alterations in this equilibrium can lead to abnormal levels of intraocular pressure, which can have severe implications for eye health.
High IOP, a condition known as ocular hypertension, can be a precursor to glaucoma, a group of eye disorders characterized by optic nerve damage and progressive vision loss. Conversely, low IOP may indicate a reduced amount of fluid in the eye, which can be a sign of certain eye diseases.
Measurement of IOP is typically performed using a tonometer during a comprehensive eye examination. A common method involves a device called a Goldmann applanation tonometer, which gently flattens the cornea to assess the resistance offered by the eye's fluid. Other techniques include non-contact tonometry, air puff tonometry, and handheld tonometers.
Understanding and monitoring IOP is crucial in diagnosing and managing various eye conditions, particularly glaucoma. By controlling intraocular pressure, doctors can help preserve vision and prevent further damage to the eyes. Regular eye examinations are recommended to monitor IOP and detect any abnormalities early on.
