IONIC CRYSTAL Meaning and
Definition
-
An ionic crystal refers to a solid substance formed by a three-dimensional arrangement of ions, which are electrically charged atoms or molecules. These crystals are held together through ionic bonds, which result from the attraction between oppositely charged ions.
In an ionic crystal, the positively charged ions, known as cations, are usually metals, and the negatively charged ions, known as anions, are often nonmetals. The transfer of electrons from the cations to the anions generates the electric charge on each ion, resulting in the formation of a lattice structure within the crystal.
Due to the strong electrostatic forces of attraction between the oppositely charged ions, ionic crystals typically exhibit high melting and boiling points, making them solid at room temperature. They often possess a regular, repeating pattern known as a crystal lattice, which determines their physical properties.
Ionic crystals are typically brittle and have high hardness, giving them the ability to form sharp edges and corners. They are also generally good conductors of electricity when molten or in solution due to the free movement of ions.
Common examples of ionic crystals include table salt (sodium chloride), calcium carbonate (found in limestone and marble), and magnesium sulfate (epsom salt). These crystals often possess a characteristic crystalline structure and have various applications in industries such as chemistry, electronics, and materials science.
Etymology of IONIC CRYSTAL
The word "ionic" originates from the Greek word "ion", which means "going". In ancient Greece, the word was used to refer to a person who went or wandered. In the context of crystals, "ionic" signifies the movement or migration of charged particles called ions.
The term "crystal" has its roots in the Greek word "krystallos", which means "ice" or "crystal". The Greeks initially used the term to describe transparent quartz crystals that they believed to be permanently frozen ice due to their clarity and solid form.
Combining these two words, "ionic crystal" refers to a type of crystal where the bonding between the constituent atoms occurs through ionic interactions. In an ionic crystal, positively charged ions (cations) and negatively charged ions (anions) are held together through strong electrostatic forces, forming a regular and repeating three-dimensional lattice structure.
