Intracerebral cavernous hemangiomas refer to vascular abnormalities that occur within the brain in the form of blood-filled cavities or lesions known as cavernous malformations. Also called cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs), these lesions are characterized by abnormally dilated, thin-walled blood vessels that lack smooth muscle and elastic tissue.
Intracerebral cavernous hemangiomas are typically congenital, meaning they exist from birth, although they can develop later in life as well. They are often found in the brain's white matter and are usually solitary, but about 20% of individuals with CCMs may have multiple lesions. Though they may remain asymptomatic, these abnormal blood vessels can cause various neurological symptoms depending on their location and size. Symptoms may include seizures, headache, weakness, sensory deficits, vision and speech problems, and memory difficulties.
The exact cause of intracerebral cavernous hemangiomas is not fully understood, but mutations in certain genes have been implicated in the development of CCMs. These mutations affect proteins involved in blood vessel formation and maintenance, leading to the structural abnormalities characteristic of this condition. Intracerebral cavernous hemangiomas are usually diagnosed through medical imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scans.
Treatment options for intracerebral cavernous hemangiomas depend on various factors, including the size and location of the lesions, as well as the presence or absence of symptoms. Treatment may involve observation over time, surgical removal of the lesion, or other interventions to manage symptoms.
