Intestinal amebiasis, also known as amebic dysentery, is a parasitic infection caused by the protozoan parasite called Entamoeba histolytica. It primarily affects the intestines, particularly the large intestine (colon), causing a wide range of gastrointestinal symptoms.
When a person ingests food or water contaminated by the cyst form of the parasite, it travels to the gut, where it transforms into its active form, known as a trophozoite. These trophozoites invade the lining of the intestines, resulting in inflammation and tissue damage.
Symptoms of intestinal amebiasis can vary widely. They may include abdominal pain, diarrhea (often with blood or mucus), stomach cramps, fatigue, weight loss, and fever. In severe cases, the infection can progress beyond the intestines, spreading to other organs, such as the liver, causing a potentially life-threatening condition called extraintestinal amebiasis.
Diagnosis typically involves stool sample analysis for the presence of the parasite or its antigens. Treatment for intestinal amebiasis usually involves a course of antimicrobial medications, such as metronidazole or tinidazole, to eliminate the infection. In severe cases, additional medications may be necessary to eradicate the parasite from other organs.
Prevention of intestinal amebiasis can be achieved through maintaining good hygiene practices, such as washing hands thoroughly with soap and clean water, especially before eating or preparing food. Avoiding consuming contaminated food or water, particularly in regions where the infection is prevalent, is also essential to prevent its transmission.
