The intervertebral disc is a structure found in the spine, which acts as a cushioning and shock-absorbing pad between the vertebrae. It is composed of two main parts - the annulus fibrosus and the nucleus pulposus.
The annulus fibrosus is the outer ring-like structure of the intervertebral disc. It is made up of several layers of fibrous cartilage, arranged in a circular pattern. The annulus fibrosus surrounds and encases the inner part of the disc, providing it with strength and stability.
The nucleus pulposus, on the other hand, is the central, gel-like substance within the disc. It consists of water, proteins, and proteoglycans. The nucleus pulposus functions to absorb and distribute the forces exerted on the spine during movement, thus reducing the impact and minimizing the risk of injury.
Together, the annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus work synergistically, allowing the intervertebral disc to absorb shock and provide flexibility to the spine. They also contribute to maintaining the proper spacing and alignment of the vertebrae, thus allowing for smooth movement and reducing the risk of bone-on-bone contact, which can lead to pain and damage.
However, intervertebral discs are prone to degeneration and injury, which can result in conditions such as herniated discs or degenerative disc disease. These conditions can cause pain, limited range of motion, and nerve compression. Treatments for intervertebral disc disorders may include physical therapy, medication, or in severe cases, surgical intervention.
