Insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) is a peptide hormone that is similar in structure to insulin. It is primarily produced in the liver, but it is also produced in other tissues, such as the placenta. IGF-II plays a crucial role in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, and development.
IGF-II acts by binding to specific receptors located on the cell membrane, known as IGF receptors. Once bound, it activates a signaling pathway that triggers a series of cellular responses. These responses include the stimulation of cell division, protein synthesis, and an increase in cell size. By influencing these processes, IGF-II promotes tissue growth and repair.
One of the essential functions of IGF-II is its involvement in fetal development. During pregnancy, IGF-II is critical for the growth and development of various organs and tissues in the developing fetus. It is also involved in the regulation of nutrient uptake and utilization in both the fetus and the mother.
Apart from its role in fetal growth, IGF-II also has effects in adults, playing a role in tissue regeneration, wound healing, and muscle maintenance. However, dysregulation of IGF-II expression or signaling is associated with various diseases, including certain types of cancer.
In summary, insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) is a hormone similar in structure to insulin that plays a crucial role in cell growth, differentiation, and development. It influences various physiological processes and is critical for fetal development and tissue repair in adults.
