Insulin-Like Growth Factor I (IGF-I) is a hormone that plays a crucial role in growth and development, particularly during childhood and adolescence. It is produced primarily in the liver, although other tissues also contribute to its production.
IGF-I belongs to a class of hormones known as growth factors, which act as signals in the body to promote cellular growth and division. It is called "insulin-like" due to its structural similarity to insulin and its ability to mimic some of insulin's biological effects.
One of the main functions of IGF-I is to stimulate the growth and development of bones and muscles. It works in synergy with other growth hormones, such as human growth hormone (HGH), to promote growth in children and adolescents. In addition, IGF-I has anabolic effects, meaning it can increase protein synthesis and stimulate the uptake of glucose into cells, contributing to muscle growth and repair.
IGF-I also plays a significant role in regulating metabolism, particularly in relation to insulin. It can enhance insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake, helping to maintain stable blood sugar levels. Moreover, IGF-I is involved in cellular differentiation and proliferation, influencing cell survival, and tissue repair.
Abnormal levels of IGF-I have been associated with various conditions. Excessive levels may contribute to gigantism in children or acromegaly in adults, characterized by excessive growth of bones and tissues. On the other hand, insufficient levels of IGF-I can result in growth hormone deficiency and stunted growth.
Overall, IGF-I is a crucial hormone that regulates growth, development, metabolism, and tissue repair in the body.
