Infiltrative ophthalmopathies refer to a group of medical conditions that involve abnormal tissue infiltration in the structures of the eye. These conditions are characterized by the infiltration or accumulation of abnormal cells, proteins, or other substances within various ocular tissues, leading to structural and functional abnormalities of the eye.
Typically, infiltrative ophthalmopathies affect the tissues surrounding or within the eye, such as the eyelids, conjunctiva, cornea, sclera (the white part of the eye), uvea (iris, ciliary body, and choroid), and even the retina. The infiltrative process can cause inflammation, fibrosis, or scarring, which may lead to changes in vision, discomfort, or other visual symptoms.
Common causes of infiltrative ophthalmopathies include autoimmune disorders like thyroid eye disease, granulomatous diseases, infectious conditions, and certain types of malignancies. These conditions can cause infiltration of inflammatory cells, immune complexes, or malignant cells, which affect the normal tissue architecture and function of the eye.
Diagnosis of infiltrative ophthalmopathies involves a thorough evaluation of the patient's medical history, physical examination, and various eye tests including visual acuity, slit-lamp examination, fundoscopy, and sometimes imaging studies. Treatment options depend on the underlying cause and severity of the disease, and may include medications to control inflammation, surgical interventions, or even treatment of the primary underlying condition.
Overall, infiltrative ophthalmopathies encompass a heterogeneous group of eye disorders characterized by abnormal infiltration or accumulation of substances within ocular tissues, leading to structural and functional changes that can affect vision and overall eye health.
