Infectious Pustular Vulvovaginitis Virus (IPVv) is a highly contagious viral infection that affects the vulva and vagina of female animals, particularly cattle. It is caused by a specific virus belonging to the family Poxviridae and the genus Parapoxvirus. IPVv is primarily transmitted through direct contact between infected and susceptible animals, or indirectly through contaminated surfaces, equipment, or vectors such as arthropods.
The main characteristic symptom of IPVv is the formation of pustules on the vulva and vagina, accompanied by inflammation and swelling in the affected area. These pustules typically contain infectious material and can easily rupture, leading to the release of virus particles, further spread, and potential secondary bacterial infections. Infected animals may also experience discomfort, pain during urination or mating, and a decrease in reproductive performance.
Prevention and control measures for IPVv primarily involve strict biosecurity practices, including quarantine procedures, thorough disinfection of infected areas, and the use of protective clothing and equipment. Vaccination has shown some effectiveness in reducing the severity and frequency of outbreaks, but it may not provide complete protection.
IPVv poses a significant economic burden to the livestock industry due to reduced fertility, reproductive losses, and decreased milk production. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate management strategies are crucial to limit the spread of the virus within herds and minimize its impact on animal health, welfare, and productivity.
