INCA ARCHITECTURE Meaning and
Definition
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Inca architecture refers to the distinct style and techniques used by the Inca civilization in their construction projects and architectural designs. The Inca Empire was a vast ancient civilization that flourished in the Andean region of South America, primarily in present-day Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, and parts of Colombia and Chile, during the 15th and 16th centuries.
Characterized by its exceptional precision, ingenuity, and durability, Inca architecture has left a significant mark on the historical and cultural landscape of the region. Inca architects commonly used massive stone blocks that were perfectly fitted together without the use of mortar, resulting in structures known for their strength and stability. This advanced technique, known as ashlar masonry, allowed Inca constructions to withstand earthquakes and other natural disasters.
Inca architecture is best exemplified by the impressive fortress of Sacsayhuaman near the city of Cusco in Peru, renowned for its massive stone walls and perfect assembly. Other notable examples include the famous Machu Picchu, an intricate city built on a mountain ridge, and the Temple of the Sun in Cusco. Inca buildings often incorporated trapezoidal doorways, polygonal shapes, and finely carved stone details. The use of terraces, plazas, and aqueducts was also prominent in their urban planning.
Furthermore, Inca architectural designs often incorporated a profound connection with nature and spiritual beliefs, making use of natural landscapes and sacred locations. Today, the impressive remains of Inca architecture serve as a testament to their engineering skills, artistic expression, and cultural significance, attracting millions of visitors from around the world eager to witness the remarkable achievements of this ancient civilization.
Etymology of INCA ARCHITECTURE
The word "inca" refers to the Inca civilization, which was a pre-Columbian civilization that thrived in the Andean region of South America from the 13th century until the Spanish conquest in the 16th century. The term "inca" comes from the Quechua language, which was spoken by the Inca people.
The word "architecture" has a different origin. It comes from the Latin word "architectura", which itself is derived from the Greek word "arkhitekton" (arkhi- "chief" + tekton "builder, carpenter"). The term initially referred to the art and science of designing and constructing buildings. Eventually, it expanded to include the style and construction techniques used in a specific region or civilization, such as "Inca architecture" referring to the architectural style and techniques employed by the Inca civilization.
