Inappropriate Vasopressin Secretion Syndrome (IVSS), also known as Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH), is a medical condition characterized by the excessive secretion of vasopressin or antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the posterior pituitary gland. Vasopressin is a hormone responsible for regulating the body's water balance by affecting the amounts of water reabsorbed by the kidneys.
IVSS occurs when the body releases excessive amounts of vasopressin even in circumstances that should normally suppress its secretion. This leads to increased water reabsorption by the kidneys, putting an individual at risk of fluid overload and dilutional hyponatremia, a condition characterized by low levels of sodium in the blood.
The symptoms of IVSS may include nausea, vomiting, headache, confusion, seizures, muscle weakness, and in severe cases, coma or even death. It is commonly observed in various underlying conditions and diseases, such as lung disease, nervous system disorders, cancers, medications, and certain pulmonary diseases.
Diagnosis of IVSS involves measuring blood and urine tests, particularly the levels of ADH and sodium in the bloodstream. Treatment primarily focuses on correcting the underlying cause and managing fluid balance. This typically involves fluid restriction, administration of hypertonic saline solutions, and in some cases, medications to block the effects of vasopressin.
Appropriate management of IVSS is crucial since it can have severe consequences for the body's electrolyte and fluid balance. With proper medical intervention, the prognosis for individuals with IVSS can be favorable, although it largely depends on the underlying cause and timely diagnosis.
