Inappropriate Prolactin Secretion Syndrome (IPSS) is a medical condition characterized by the abnormal and excessive production of the hormone prolactin by the pituitary gland in the brain. Prolactin is primarily responsible for stimulating milk production in women after childbirth, but its levels are usually low in both men and non-pregnant women.
IPSS occurs when the pituitary gland secretes prolactin inappropriately and at higher levels than normal, leading to a range of symptoms. These symptoms can include irregular or absent menstrual periods in women, infertility, erectile dysfunction, decreased libido, breast discharge not related to breastfeeding, and in some cases, the development of breast tissue in men. Additionally, IPSS may cause hormonal imbalances by inhibiting the release of certain other hormones from the pituitary gland.
The exact cause of IPSS is not always clear, but it can be associated with certain factors such as the use of certain medications, hypothyroidism, pituitary tumors (known as prolactinomas), or other disorders affecting the hypothalamus or pituitary gland. Diagnosis of IPSS often involves blood tests to measure prolactin levels, as well as imaging studies such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to identify any potential structural abnormalities in the brain.
Treatment options for IPSS typically involve addressing the underlying cause, such as adjusting medications or surgically removing any pituitary tumors present. Medications known as dopamine agonists, such as bromocriptine or cabergoline, are commonly used to lower prolactin levels and restore hormonal balance. Regular monitoring of prolactin levels and symptom management is necessary for individuals with IPSS to ensure optimal health and well-being.
