IMMUNORADIOMETRIC ASSAY Meaning and
Definition
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Immunoradiometric Assay (IRMA) is a sensitive laboratory technique used to quantify the amount of a specific antigen or antibody present in a biological sample. This assay combines principles of immunological reactions with radioisotope technology to accurately measure the target molecule.
In an IRMA, a known amount of radio-labeled antigen or antibody is mixed with the sample containing the unknown amount of the target molecule. The labeled molecule binds specifically to the target antigen or antibody forming an immune complex. This complex is then immobilized using a solid phase, typically a microplate or a bead. Unbound substances are washed away, leaving only the immune complex attached to the solid support.
The amount of radioactivity associated with the solid-phase immune complexes is then measured using a scintillation counter or other radiation detection systems. This measurement is correlated with the concentration of the target molecule in the sample.
IRMA provides a high level of sensitivity and specificity due to the specificity of the antigen-antibody reaction and the precision of radioisotope detection. It is commonly used in clinical laboratories to diagnose and monitor various diseases, including hormone disorders, infectious diseases, and cancer.
Overall, Immunoradiometric Assay is a powerful tool in biomedical research and clinical diagnostics, offering precise and reliable quantification of specific molecules in biological samples.
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Etymology of IMMUNORADIOMETRIC ASSAY
The word "Immunoradiometric Assay" is composed of two main components: "immuno-" and "radiometric assay".
The prefix "immuno-" is derived from the term "immunity", which originally comes from the Latin word "immunitas" meaning "exemption from public duties" or "freedom". In the context of immunology and medicine, "immunity" refers to the body's ability to resist or ward off diseases and infections. It is related to the immune system's response to foreign substances, known as antigens.
The term "radiometric assay" combines the words "radiometric" and "assay". "Radiometric" refers to the measurement or detection of radiation, typically through the use of radioactive substances. It involves the analysis of radiation emitted by radioactive materials or the interaction of radiation with matter.
