IMMUNOLOGIC TUMORICIDAL ACTIVITY Meaning and
Definition
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Immunologic tumoricidal activity refers to the ability of the immune system to recognize and destroy tumor cells in the body. The word "immunologic" refers to the immune system, which is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against threats such as infections and diseases. "Tumoricidal" means the capacity to kill or destroy tumor cells.
The immune system has a sophisticated mechanism to identify and eliminate abnormal cells, including cancer cells. Immunologic tumoricidal activity involves the recognition of tumor antigens, which are unique proteins or molecules present on the surface of cancer cells. These antigens are recognized as foreign or abnormal by immune cells known as T lymphocytes or T cells.
Upon recognition, T cells initiate a multistep process to unleash their tumoricidal activity. They can directly kill tumor cells by releasing toxic substances such as perforin and granzymes or by initiating a programmed cell death pathway known as apoptosis. T cells can also release chemical messengers called cytokines, which can attract other immune cells to the tumor site, amplify the immune response, and further facilitate tumor cell destruction.
Immunologic tumoricidal activity is a crucial defense mechanism against cancer and plays a vital role in immune surveillance, preventing the growth and spread of tumors. Enhancing or stimulating this activity has become a focus in cancer immunotherapy research and the development of novel treatment strategies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors or adoptive cell therapies.
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