IMMUNOLOGIC TEST Meaning and
Definition
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An immunologic test, also known as an immunological assay, is a diagnostic procedure used in medicine and biology to detect and measure specific substances, such as antibodies, antigens, and proteins, in a biological sample. It is based on the principles of immunology, which is the study of the immune system and its responses to foreign substances.
These tests are designed to identify and quantify the presence of particular molecules or analytes, thereby assessing the immune response of an organism. Immunologic tests utilize various techniques, including immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunoblotting, and flow cytometry, among others.
The process usually involves collecting a sample of blood, urine, saliva, or other bodily fluids from the patient. This sample is then treated with specialized reagents or antibodies that bind to the target analyte of interest. By measuring the resultant immune reaction, either through color changes, fluorescence, or other detection methods, the concentration or presence of the target substance can be determined.
Immunologic tests play a crucial role in diagnosing and monitoring various medical conditions, such as infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, allergies, and cancers. They are also widely used in research settings to investigate the immune response in different experiments and studies.
In summary, an immunologic test is a laboratory-based procedure that employs immunological techniques to measure the presence or concentration of specific antigen-antibody reactions, enabling the assessment of immune responses and aiding in disease diagnosis, monitoring, and research.
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Etymology of IMMUNOLOGIC TEST
The term "immunologic test" has its etymology rooted in the field of immunology. "Immuno-" comes from the Latin word "immunis", meaning exempt or protected. It is combined with "-logic", derived from the Greek word "logikos", meaning related to or pertaining to. Thus, "immunologic" refers to something that is related to the study or understanding of immunity.
The word "test" has an origin in Old French, where it was known as "teste". Derived from Latin "testum" meaning "piece of earthenware", it initially indicated a small container used for examining metals. Over time, its meaning expanded to encompass the process of examining or evaluating something.
Therefore, the etymology of the term "immunologic test" signifies a method or procedure used to evaluate or examine aspects of immunology or the immune system.
