IMMUNOLOGIC CYTOTOXICITY TEST Meaning and
Definition
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Immunologic cytotoxicity test is a laboratory technique used to evaluate the ability of the immune system to kill target cells. This test measures the cytotoxic function of certain immune cells, such as natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T cells, which play a crucial role in defending the body against infected or cancerous cells.
In the immunologic cytotoxicity test, target cells, usually either cancer cells or virus-infected cells, are labeled with a specific marker, such as a fluorescent dye. These labeled target cells are then mixed with immune cells from the individual being tested, which may be isolated from peripheral blood or obtained from other sources. The mixture is carefully incubated to allow the immune cells to interact with the target cells.
After the incubation period, the test measures the extent of target cell destruction by the immune cells. This is typically assessed by quantifying the amount of fluorescence released from the labeled target cells. Higher fluorescence indicates greater target cell killing and thus a more efficient immune response.
The immunologic cytotoxicity test is valuable in assessing the functionality of an individual's immune system, especially the cytotoxic arm of the immune response. It may be used in various clinical settings, such as monitoring immune function in patients undergoing immunotherapy or diagnosing immune deficiencies associated with impaired cytotoxic activity. Additionally, this test can also be employed in research to evaluate the effectiveness of potential immunotherapies or to investigate the mechanisms underlying immune cell cytotoxicity.
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