IMMUNOGLOBULIN SOMATIC HYPERMUTATIONS Meaning and
Definition
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Immunoglobulin somatic hypermutations refer to genetic changes that occur in the genes responsible for coding the variable regions of immunoglobulins, which are antibodies produced by B cells in response to an antigen.
During the process of somatic hypermutation, specific enzymes called activation-induced cytidine deaminases (AID) introduce mutations in the genes encoding the immunoglobulins. These mutations occur mainly in the variable regions of the antibody genes, which are responsible for the generation of a diverse range of antibodies. By introducing these mutations, somatic hypermutation allows B cells to produce antibodies with increased affinity for the specific antigen that triggered their activation.
The process of immunoglobulin somatic hypermutation is a key component of the adaptive immune response, as it allows for the production of high-affinity antibodies that can effectively neutralize and eliminate the invading pathogens. This process is essential for the development of immune memory and is responsible for the improved immune response to subsequent encounters with the same pathogen.
Immunoglobulin somatic hypermutations are random in nature and produce a diverse range of antibody variants. However, B cells expressing antibodies with mutations that confer higher affinity for the antigen are preferentially selected, leading to an improving immune response over time.
Understanding the mechanisms and consequences of immunoglobulin somatic hypermutations is crucial in the field of immunology, as it sheds light on the generation of effective antibody responses and contributes to the development of vaccines and therapeutic antibodies.
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