Hydroxymethylglutaryl Coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) inhibitors, also known as statins, are a class of medications primarily used to lower cholesterol levels in the body. They are widely prescribed to manage hypercholesterolemia and reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases, including heart attacks and strokes. HMG-CoA inhibitors work by blocking the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase, which plays a crucial role in the production of cholesterol in the liver.
These inhibitors work by inhibiting the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate, a key step in the cholesterol synthesis pathway. By reducing the liver's ability to produce cholesterol, statins effectively lower blood cholesterol levels, specifically low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, often referred to as "bad" cholesterol. They may also modestly increase levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, known as "good" cholesterol.
The use of HMG-CoA inhibitors is recommended for people with high cholesterol levels who have not achieved desirable results from lifestyle modifications such as diet and exercise alone. They are available in various formulations with different potencies and can be taken orally in the form of tablets or capsules. Commonly prescribed statins include atorvastatin, simvastatin, and rosuvastatin.
However, like any medication, HMG-CoA inhibitors can have potential side effects, including muscle pain, liver damage, diabetes, and gastrointestinal problems. Therefore, their usage and dosage must be carefully monitored and evaluated by a healthcare professional. Regular follow-up and routine blood tests are important to assess response, monitor liver function, and manage potential adverse effects.
