Hydrocephalus is a medical condition characterized by the abnormal and excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the ventricles of the brain. The term "hydrocephalus" is derived from Greek roots, with "hydro" meaning water and "cephalus" meaning head. This condition occurs when there is an imbalance between the production and absorption of CSF.
CSF plays a crucial role in protecting the brain and spinal cord by cushioning them from injury and providing nutrients. Under normal circumstances, CSF flows through the ventricles and then circulates around the brain and spinal cord, eventually being reabsorbed into the bloodstream.
However, in hydrocephalus, there is a disruption in this CSF flow. It can occur due to various factors, such as obstruction of the CSF pathway or impaired absorption. As a result, the fluid accumulates, causing the ventricles to enlarge and exert pressure on the surrounding brain tissue.
Symptoms of hydrocephalus can vary depending on the age of onset and the rate of accumulation. In infants, common signs include an enlarged head, bulging fontanelles, poor feeding, seizures, and developmental delays. In children and adults, symptoms can range from headaches, nausea, and vomiting to cognitive impairments, gait disturbances, and visual problems.
Treatment for hydrocephalus often involves surgically inserting a shunt system, which helps divert the excess CSF to another part of the body where it can be absorbed properly. In some cases, endoscopic third ventriculostomy may be performed to create an alternative pathway for the CSF to flow and alleviate the fluid buildup.
Overall, hydrocephalus is a complex neurological condition that requires medical intervention to manage the excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal
