HUMAN T LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS II ANTIGENS Meaning and
Definition
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Human T lymphotropic virus II antigens are substances that can trigger an immune response in the human body against the Human T lymphotropic virus II (HTLV-II). HTLV-II is a retrovirus that primarily infects T cells, a type of white blood cell essential for the proper functioning of the immune system. This virus is mainly transmitted through intravenous drug use, blood transfusions, and sexual contacts. HTLV-II infections are commonly asymptomatic, but in some cases, they can lead to severe diseases such as neurological disorders and immune dysregulation.
The antigens associated with HTLV-II serve as markers for the identification and monitoring of the virus in infected individuals. These antigens are proteins or glycoproteins that are typically located on the surface of the virus or released from infected cells. The immune system recognizes these antigens as foreign and produces specific antibodies or immune cells to target and eliminate the virus or virus-infected cells.
Laboratory techniques such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or Western blotting are commonly used to detect and measure HTLV-II antigens in blood samples. The presence of these antigens indicates an ongoing infection by the HTLV-II virus. Additionally, the detection and characterization of HTLV-II antigens assist in understanding the pathogenesis of the virus and developing diagnostic tests, treatment strategies, and potential preventive measures.
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