Human gamma globulin, also known as immunoglobulin G (IgG), is a type of protein produced by the immune system in response to the presence of foreign substances, such as bacteria, viruses, or other pathogens. It is an integral part of the body's defense mechanism, serving as an antibody that recognizes and neutralizes these harmful invaders.
Gamma globulin is one of the major groups of proteins found in the blood plasma and is known for its critical role in providing immunity against various diseases. It is synthesized and secreted by B cells, a type of white blood cell, upon exposure to antigens. Human gamma globulin accounts for around 75% of the total immunoglobulins found in the blood and is essential in providing long-term immunity against multiple infections.
Human gamma globulin consists of four different subtypes, each with its unique functions and distribution in the body. These subtypes are IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4. Each subtype has distinct properties that allow it to perform specific roles in the immune response, such as binding to antigens, activating complement system pathways, and enhancing the phagocytic process.
In medical applications, human gamma globulin can be purified from human blood plasma and used for passive immunization to prevent or treat specific diseases. It can boost the immune system of individuals who lack sufficient levels of certain antibodies due to genetic deficiencies or impaired immune function.
In summary, human gamma globulin is a group of proteins that play a crucial role in the immune system by providing specific immunity against pathogens.
