Hsuan Chiao is a term used in Chinese philosophy that refers to "mysterious learning". It is often transliterated into English using various spellings, such as "Xuan Jiao" or "Hsüan Chiao". The correct pronunciation can be transcribed as [ɕʋ̩̌ɑ̝̀n t͡ɕʰjɑ̝̀ʊ̯], where the first syllable is pronounced with a voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant and the second syllable with an aspirated alveolo-palatal affricate. The spelling of Chinese words can be challenging due to the differences in phonemes between Chinese and English, making it important to use accurate transliterations.
Hsuan Chiao is a term derived from the Chinese language, also commonly spelled as Xuanjiao in the pinyin system. It is a philosophical and religious movement that originated in ancient China during the 3rd century, combining elements from various belief systems such as Buddhism, Daoism, Confucianism, and traditional Chinese folk religions.
The term "Hsuan Chiao" translates to "Mystery Teachings" or "Dark Learning," reflecting the esoteric and mysterious nature of this philosophical tradition. It emphasizes spiritual cultivation, seeking enlightenment, and the pursuit of immortality through practices like meditation, asceticism, and alchemy.
Although Hsuan Chiao shares similarities with other Chinese philosophical traditions, its distinguishing feature lies in its syncretic nature and its emphasis on secret teachings. It incorporates diverse chapters from religious and philosophical texts, including the Yijing (Book of Changes) and Taoist canons.
Hsuan Chiao contributed significantly to Chinese culture, influencing various aspects such as art, literature, and traditional medicine. It also played a crucial role in shaping East Asian religious traditions, as it spread beyond China to countries like Japan, Korea, and Vietnam.
Overall, Hsuan Chiao represents a distinctive Chinese philosophical and religious movement characterized by its amalgamation of different belief systems, mystical practices, and the pursuit of spiritual enlightenment and immortality.
The term "Hsuan Chiao" (sometimes spelled "Xuanjiao" or "Hsuan Ch'iao") is a transliteration of two Chinese characters, "玄教".
"玄" (Xuan or Hsuan) means "dark", "profound", "mysterious", or "deep" in Chinese. It can also refer to the metaphysical or transcendent aspects of the world.
"教" (Jiao or Chiao) means "teaching", "doctrine", or "religion" in Chinese. It is often used to refer to various religious beliefs and systems.
So, when combined, "Hsuan Chiao" can be translated as the "Dark" or "Mysterious Teaching" or simply the "Profound Religion".