Pronunciation: [hˈɔːnwɜːk] (IPA) 
The word "hornwork" refers to a type of fortification used in military engineering. Its spelling is straightforward, with the "h" at the beginning pronounced as usual, followed by the sound "aw" as in "law". The "r" is pronounced slightly emphasized, with a rolled or trilled sound. The final "n" is pronounced softly, with the emphasis on the "w". To spell it phonetically, one could use the IPA transcription: /ˈhɔːnwɜːrk/.
Hornwork is a term commonly used in the field of military fortifications and engineering. It refers to a type of defensive structure or fortification that involves the construction of a protruding bastion or bulwark at the corners of a larger fort or defensive wall. A hornwork is typically shaped like a horn or a triangular projection, which extends outwards from the main fortification.
The purpose of a hornwork is to enhance the defensive capabilities of the main fort or castle by providing additional angles from which defenders can launch attacks against besiegers. The protruding shape of the hornwork allows for enfilade fire, a military tactic wherein multiple defensive positions can fire upon the attackers simultaneously, making it much more difficult for the enemy to breach or scale the walls. Additionally, a hornwork can provide flanking fire, effectively creating a crossfire situation that increases the defensive capabilities of the fortification.
Hornworks were widely used during the Renaissance and Middle Ages, as they greatly improved the effectiveness of fortified structures. They became a popular feature in fortifications due to their ability to cover blind spots and provide a wider field of fire for defending troops.
In summary, a hornwork is a triangular or horn-shaped protrusion constructed at the corners of a fortification, designed to enhance defensive capabilities by providing additional angles from which defenders can attack besiegers and increase the effectiveness of enfilade and flanking fire.
In fort., an outwork composed of two demi-bastions joined by a curtain.
Etymological and pronouncing dictionary of the English language. By Stormonth, James, Phelp, P. H. Published 1874.
The word "hornwork" originated from military terminology and has its roots in fortifications and defensive structures. The term can be broken down into two components: "horn" and "work".
The first part, "horn", refers to the shape of the fortification. It is derived from the Old English word "horn", which means a projecting point or extremity, similar to the shape of an animal's horn. In the context of fortifications, a hornwork refers to a defensive structure that protrudes outwards, usually in the shape of a horn or a crescent. This shape offers better protection by allowing defenders to cover multiple angles and provide crossfire on approaching enemy forces.
The second part, "work", comes from an older meaning of the word which refers to a defensive fortification or an earthwork. This usage is derived from Old English "weorc" meaning "fortification" or "defensive construction".
